Comparative life cycle assessment of conventional combustion engine vehicle, battery electric vehicle and fuel cell electric vehicle in Nepal
Journal of Cleaner Production · Vol. 379, Article 134407
Cradle-to-grave life cycle comparison of internal combustion, battery electric and fuel cell vehicles under Nepal's hydro-dominated electricity mix.
The generation mix is what makes this a Nepal-specific question rather than a restatement of international results: an emissions comparison that assumes a coal-heavy grid does not describe a country supplied largely by hydropower. The study underpins ESTRL's electric transportation programme.